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Bush Presidency and Development and Debate Over Civil Rights Policy and Legislation
This collection contains materials on civil rights, the development of civil rights policy, and the debate over civil rights legislation during the administration of President George H W Bush and during his tenure as vice president. Contents of this collection includes memoranda, talking points, correspondence, legal briefs, transcripts, news summaries, draft legislation, statements of administration policy (SAP's), case histories, legislative histories, and news-clippings covering a broad range of civil rights issues.
This collection contains: a selection of over 200 prompt books (annotated working texts of stage managers and company prompters) from the 17th to 20th centuries; the extensive diaries of Shakespeare enthusiast Gordon Crosse documenting 500 UK performances from 1890 to 1953; the First Folio and Quartos; editions and adaptations of Shakespeare’s works from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries; more than 80 works Shakespeare is thought to have been familiar with, as well as works by Shakespeare's contemporaries.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, "The Great Communicator," The Master Speech Files, 1898, 1910-1945: Series 3
Franklin Delano Roosevelt began his first presidential term riding a tidal wave of public support. In the 1932 election, he crushed Herbert Hoover and carried the Democrats to a solid majority in Congress. Following his inauguration, legislators gave Roosevelt unprecedented authority to remake the American presidency. The simultaneous rise in popularity of radio and FDR's political fortune is an interesting historical twist of fate. Radio brought news alive, but left people free to create images in their imaginations. FDR's distinctive voice and jollity flowed into people's homes. His disability was invisible. Radio helped make this possible. Through this means of mass communication, FDR could convey his ideas effectively, sitting in his estate in Hyde Park, New York, or in the White House. Because FDR was such a masterful communicator, he was able to use his speeches, press conferences, and radio broadcasts, to shape American history. Evidence of FDR's successful use of the spoken word is widespread. The power of his "Day of Infamy" speech led the nation to unite behind the President's call to war, and his fireside chats gained him support from the people for innovative and controversial social programs. The other was his relationship with the public. As with any successful politician, FDR's power came from the people. Radio provided him with a direct link to his voting public and the next generation of voters. His use of radio helped him win people's hearts. Historians still debate FDR's true significance in history--saint or manipulator, or somewhere in between. However, Franklin Roosevelt was the Great Communicator, and his impact on America resonates even today.
Revolution in Honduras and American Business: The Quintessential ""Banana Republic"
The first decades of the twentieth century were a time of political and economic change. In 1899, the first boatload of bananas was shipped from Honduras to the United States. The fruit found a ready market, and the trade grew rapidly. The American-based banana companies constructed railroad lines and roads to serve the expanding banana production. Perhaps even more significant, Honduras began to attract the attention of the U.S. government. Until the early twentieth century, the U.S. played only a very limited role in internal Honduran political clashes. With its investments growing, however, the U.S. showed increased concern over Honduras's political instability. Although United States marines never occupied Honduras as they did neighboring Nicaragua, the U.S. frequently dispatched warships to waters near Honduras as a warning that intervention in Honduras was indeed a possibility if American business interests were threatened or domestic conflict escalated. This collection details both the political and financial machinations of the fruit companies, but also the graft and corruption of the national government, the American banking community’s loans, the U.S. government’s response, and the various aborted popular/revolutionary uprisings. The largest single group of records relates to Honduran political affairs; pertaining chiefly to the turbulent political situation and almost continuous revolutionary activity in Honduras. Included are discussions of boundary disputes and border troubles with EL Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala, and revolutionary movements originating from these neighboring countries and from Mexico; German activities in Honduras in World War I; landing of U.S. Marines to protect U.S. citizens during revolutions; cases of alleged violation of neutrality laws, and shipment of arms and munitions to Honduras from the U.S.; the participation of Sumner Welles in a conference to mediate the revolution in 1924; and presidential campaigns and elections. Another large group of records relates to financial affairs and concerns such matters as the proposed adjustment of the Honduran debt by the United States; loan negotiations and agreements between the Republic of Honduras and the J. P. Morgan Co. and other banking groups in the U.S., re-funding of the internal debt of Honduras; settlement of Honduras' foreign debt; and loans to the Government of Honduras by various fruit companies.
Johnson Presidency Administrative Histories: Foreign Affairs and National Security
This collection provides extensive documentation on a variety of presidential programs and initiatives. Agency and departmental records include: Administrative History of the Department of State; Agency for International Development; Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government; U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; and U.S. Information Agency.
Provide legal researchers, students, and faculty access to a comprehensive selection of the most prestigious legal publications.
Gale OneFile: Pop Culture Studies
Provide access to scholarly journals and magazines that both analyze and contribute to popular culture.
Gale OneFile: Popular Magazines
Provide access to the most searched magazines focusing on current events, sports, science and health issues.
China and the Modern World: Records of Shanghai and the International Settlement, 1836–1955
British Foreign Office files from The National Archives, UK, that are related to the history of Shanghai and the International Settlement, plus a small number of files selected from the records of the British Ministry of Labour, Treasury, and War Office, this collection deciphers and illuminates the International Settlement as the seat of formative events that shaped the history of modern China as it transitioned from an imperial dynasty to a globally engaged republic.
Sources in U.S. History Online: The Civil War
As part of the Sources in U.S. History Online series, which provides access to the essential primary source documents that tell the story of a nation's birth, challenges, and milestones, this collection illustrates life during the violent divide between north and south.
Czechoslovakia Crisis, 1968: The State Department's Crisis Files
The Czechoslovakia Crisis of 1968 was a watershed moment in world politics. The Soviet-led invasion was one of the more significant events in the decades long Cold War between the East and West. The occupation was the beginning of the end for the Czechoslovak reform movement known as the “Prague Spring.” The reform movement had been brewing for years, fed by economic problems as well as growing demands from Communist intellectuals for more freedom and pluralism within a socialist system. But it really gathered steam in January 1968, when the Communist Party's Central Committee replaced its hard-line First Secretary Antonin Novotny with the moderate reformer Alexander Dubcek, who eventually sided more and more clearly with the forces for change. In March, censorship was loosened and Novotny was relieved of his other function, President of the Republic. He was replaced by a career soldier, Ludvik Svoboda, whose last name in Czech means "freedom"-- a purely linguistic coincidence that countless posters and flyers during the invasion made use of, although Svoboda ultimately sided with opponents of reform. The State Department’s Executive Secretariat was responsible for creating a documentary record of various international crises during the 1960s. The documents in The Czechoslovakia Crisis, 1968: The State Department’s Crisis Files were collected and collated from a variety of State Department sources and represent an administrative history of the crisis. This collection includes almost a day-by-day record of the events, including the U.S. and the West’s response to the Soviet occupation and dismantling of the liberal reforms.
War on Poverty Community Profiles: Southern States
The Community Profiles provide an in-depth analysis of poverty in America with an extensive inventory of historical data at a local level. Each profile, composed as a narrative with statistical indices, contains information showing general poverty indicators, size and composition of the poor population, and selected aspects of geography, demography, economy, and social resources. Southern states in this collection include Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Dissent in Poland: Solidarity: Birth of a Social Movement
KARTA’s several collections are drawn from the immediate prewar period (1930s), the wartime occupations, and the Communist era (1945 to 1989). Solidarnosc—narodziny ruchu (Solidarity: The Birth of the Movement) is the final collection included from KARTA’s mass of materials. In 2003, its holdings were entered into the world list of UNESCO’s Memory of the World program. The collection began in 1982, when materials were first being gathered--clandestinely and without ties to other underground organizations. A group of activists and historians created Archiwum Solidarnosci (Archive of Solidarity) following a government raid on the Mazowsze Regional Solidarity radio station that resulted in their internment in a camp for oppositionists. The original archive was supplemented by materials from the Opposition Archive and it focuses most closely on the sixteen-month period from the founding of Solidarity in September 1980 to the imposition of martial law in December 1981. Martial law was imposed in December 1981, under General Wojciech Jaruzelski; Solidarity activists were arrested or otherwise punished, yet they continued to resist the military dictatorship until elections brought them into the government in 1989. The Polish opposition played a crucial role in the end of Soviet rule in Eastern Europe and eventually, the complete collapse of the Soviet Union. The documents from this remarkable Warsaw collection will be of interest to scholars of democratization and opposition movements, and to those studying the politics of late Leninist party-states. They also chart the rise of human rights and the ascendancy of an autonomous civil society in a state which, since its inception after World War II, had tried various tactics to establish a one-party monopoly on politics and ideas.
Colombia: Records of the U.S. Department of State, 1960-1963
The documents in this collection offer a snapshot of Colombia at the height of the Cold War. Numerous records track the impact of the Castro revolution in Cuba, for example: “Colombia Tourist Agent Visits Embassy Regarding Prospective Travel of Colombians on Planned USSR Flights Between Havana and Moscow”; and naval equipment on loan: “Colombian Navy would like to lease … from the United States Navy, under similar terms as those contained in the lease for the Floating Dry Dock.” On the economy: National Coffee Federation tabulations (September 1960); and “it was a sellers’ market during December for anyone holding dollars for sale as the Colombian peso continued to fall in relation to the dollar. The free market has advanced nervousness since October” (15 January 1963).
Essays by German Officers and Officials, 1939-1945
At the end of World War II, a joint United States and British Naval intelligence party seized the Marinearchiv (German Naval Archives) at Tambach Castle. This discovery, which included military records from as far back as 1805, prompted one of the most massive microfilming projects of military records in history. Many of the documents, now held by the National Archives, concern the administration and military strategies of the Third Reich. In order to place these primary sources in their historical context, two parallel projects took place: 1) the translation of important naval documents (including the translation of the Seekriegsleitung diaries and the Fuhrer Conferences on Naval Matters) and; 2) a study program by former German officers of various aspects of World War II. This publication is a combination of essays written after the war and during the war, including transcripts of speeches, personal accounts of wartime experiences, and research and development reports.
This publication comprises two collections, Records Regarding Bank Investigations and Records Relating to Interrogations of Nazi Financiers, from the records of the Office of the Finance Division and Finance Advisor in the Office of Military Government, U.S. Zone(Germany) (OMGUS), during the period 1945–1949. Records Regarding Bank Investigations, 1945–1949, consists primarily of memorandums, letters, cables, reports, exhibits, newspaper clippings, and civil censorship intercepts on the financing of the German war effort and German financial institutions. The records include reports on Nazi gold, the use of Swiss banks, and links between German and Swiss banks, inclusive of Commerzbank, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Golddiskontbank, Dresdner Bank, and Reichs-Kredit-Gesellschaft. The investigations contain information regarding Aryanization, bank operations outside of Germany, industrial ties, liquidation proposals, and the restitution of Hungarian property. Records Relating to Interrogations of Nazi Financiers, 1946–1947 consists of interrogation reports and transcripts, exhibits, and questionnaires. Names included are Bernhard Berghaus, Alois Alzheimer, August von Finck, Eduard Hilgard, Kurt Schmitt, and Franz Schwede-Coburg. Also among these records are files relating to Carlowitz & Company and Japanese firms operating in Germany.
The documents reproduced in this publication are from the Records of the Department of State, in the custody of the National Archives of the United States. This publication consists of documents comprising RG 59: Records of the Department of State, Central Subject Files, East Germany and Berlin, POL subject category for the years 1963 through 1966.
Public housing at the federal level was introduced in 1937 and was intended to provide public financing of low-cost housing in the form of publicly-managed and owned multifamily developments. This collection includes directives and memoranda related to the Public Housing Administration's policies and procedures. Among the documents are civil rights correspondence, statements and policy about race, labor-based state activity records, local housing authorities' policies on hiring minorities, court cases involving housing decisions, racially-restrictive covenants, and news clippings. The intra-agency correspondence consists of reports on sub-Cabinet groups on civil rights, racial policy, employment, and Commissioner's staff meetings.
Women's Issues and Their Advocacy Within the White House, 1974-1977
This collection documents Patricia Lindh’s and Jeanne Holm’s liaison with women’s groups, and their advocacy within the White House on issues of special interest to women. Includes material accumulated by presidential Counselor Anne Armstrong, and Office of Women’s Programs Director Karen Keesling. Topics include: liaison activities with over 300 women’s organizations, agency women’s groups and program units; advisory committees on women and women appointees; public policy; and legislation and regulation of women’s civil rights in the government and the economy.
Democracy in Turkey, 1950-1959: Records of the U.S. State Department Classified Files
This collection of State Department documents provides access to unique primary source materials on the political, economic and social development of Turkey during a period of democratization in the 1950s.