20世紀アメリカ公衆衛生史資料集
Public Health Archives: Public Health in Modern America, 1890-1970
本アーカイブは、19世紀末から20世紀後半にいたるアメリカ医療関係の資料6,900点以上を収録するものです。
原資料はニューヨーク医学アカデミーと米国国立公文書館の所蔵のものです。ニューヨーク医学アカデミーは医療と公衆衛生関係資料の所蔵機関としては質量ともに世界屈指の水準を誇ります。医療と人文学と技芸を架橋するとの方針の下で蒐集されるその資料は、狭義の医療史、公衆衛生史だけでなく、広く人文社会学や歴史研究者にとって垂涎の資料群です。
《本アーカイブについてのウェビナー録画を見る》
（約36分、チャプターあり、スライドはこちら）
《収録コレクション》
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The Library of Social and Economic Aspects of Medicine from Michael M. Davis
米国の医療経済、医療政策研究のパイオニア、マイケル・マークス・デイヴィス（1879-1971）の寄贈になるコレクション。Ｆ・ルーズベルト政権の社会保障法法案、国民皆保険の実現を訴えるトルーマン大統領の教書の起草など、政策立案にも積極的に関与したデイヴィスが生涯に蒐集した35万ページにおよぶコレクションは、米国公衆衛生関係資料としては有数のものです。 -
Selected Publications on Public Health from the New York Academy of Medicine
ニューヨーク医学アカデミーが所蔵する公衆衛生関係のパンフレット約2,200点を精選。健康保険、疾病、精神衛生、喫煙・アルコール依存・薬物依存、性とセクシュアリティなど広範囲の主題を扱います。 -
The Committee on Public Health of the New York Academy of Medicine: Correspondence, Reports, and Documents
ニューヨーク医学アカデミー公衆衛生委員会は1911年の創設以来、同市の保健行政において重要な役割を果たしてきました。約550点を収録する本コレクションは、健康保険、精神衛生、優生学、労災保険、コミュニティ医療、住宅問題、グループ医療、高齢者医療、リハビリテーション、妊娠中絶、薬物使用、栄養、性犯罪、監獄、売春、退役軍人、軍事衛生など広範囲の主題に関する資料を収録します。 -
Records of the Children's Bureau, 1912-1969
1912年タフト大統領により創設された児童局は、児童福祉に関わる連邦政府初の省庁として、母子保健、児童労働、孤児、少年犯罪、少年司法、家族の生活保障、児童虐待、養子制度など、児童に関わる諸問題に取り組んできました。米国国立公文書が所蔵する本コレクションは、1936年から1942年までの各州の報告書の他、母子の疾病や死、疾病の予防・治療、法制度、保健政策等に関する報告書、論文、書簡（収録文書数合計約1,700点）収録します。
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This three-page pamphlet from the Arthritis and Rheumatism Foundation appeared in 1949. Founded in 1948, this organization changed its name in 1964 to the Arthritis Foundation. Although recognized since ancient times, rheumatoid arthritis as a description of the condition first appeared in the 19th century. In the 1940s, sulphasalazine emerged as a leading anti-inflammatory treatment, and the year 1949 saw the first successful uses of cortisone in treating autoimmune diseases.
The 32-page booklet What You Should Know about Tuberculosis was published circa 1935 by the National Tuberculosis Association (NTA). Founded in 1904, the NTA was one of many voluntary health organizations created by public advocates seeking to pressure the medical establishment to advance new technologies and treatments for individual diseases. By the 1920s, owing to public health campaigns from a variety of societies, associations and public health agencies, tuberculosis rates started to see their first declines.
The 33-page booklet How to Prevent Suicide appeared in 1967. Edwin Shneidman was a clinical psychologist and leading researcher on the topic of suicide. He was a founder in 1958 of the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center and the founder in 1968 of the still extant American Association of Suicidology. His co-author Philip Mandelkorn was a writer for Time magazine. This work was one of hundreds produced by the Public Affairs Committee, a nonprofit educational organization formed in 1935 “to develop new techniques to educate the American public on vital economic and social problems.”
The 25-page booklet What about Marijuana? appeared in 1970. This work was one of hundreds produced by the Public Affairs Committee, a nonprofit educational organization formed in 1935 “to develop new techniques to educate the American public on vital economic and social problems.” Jules Saltman was a regular contributor to this series, authoring additional booklets in the series on abortion, immunization, emphysema, alcoholism, multiple sclerosis, birth control, and sexually transmitted diseases.
This 21-page pamphlet appears in 1946. Published by the New York Society for Ethical Culture, it was authored by Ernst Philip Boas was a pathologist who specialized in chronic heart disease. He served as a medical director for several major New York City hospitals and was an early champion of a national health plan. He founded in 1939 the Physician’s Forum for the Study of Medical Care.
The 10-page pamphlet The Care of the Baby appeared in 1914. This work was authored by
The American Association for the Prevention of Infant Mortality, a Pittsburgh-based organization. The pamphlet was ultimately published by the Bureau of Child Welfare from Pittsburgh’s Department of Public Health. Infant mortality rates were quite high in the United States at roughly 100 per 1000 births, but saw dramatic reductions after World War I.
This table comes from the study "Relation to Sickness to Income and Income Change in 10 Surveyed Communities," from Health and Depression Studies, No. 1. Authored by G. St. J. Perrott, a public health consultant, and Selwyd D. Collins, senior statistician from the United States Public Health Service, this study, which appears in May 1935, was one of many issued by agencies--in this case the U.S. Treasury Department under the direction of Henry Morgenthau and Hugh B. Service, Surgeon General of the Public Health Service--during the depths of the Great Depression in order to understand the relationship between economic distress and their health effects.
On December 29, 1951, President Harry Truman signed an executive order creating the President's Commission on the Health Needs of the Nation. One of the outcomes of the commission's creation were regional conferences, such as that convened on May 20 and 21, 1953, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Conference chairman, George Jacobson, drafted this mimeographed 17-page summary of this regional "Conference of Personal Health Problems."
This pamphlet, "Insecure America," appeared in 1948 under the authorship of Leo J. Linder, a New York attorney who served as the chair of the American Labor Party of Brooklyn, New York. Funded by the Progressive Party, the pamphlets was a trenchant criticism of the inadequacies of the Social Security program and was issued as part of the party's literature in support of Henry Wallace's presidential campaign.
This chart of available beds comes from a "revised and enlarged" 37-page report that appeared in November 1959. Entitled "Organization of Personal Health Services in Homes for the Aged" by Franz Goldman, M.D., and Neva R. Deardorff, Ph.D., it was the first in a series of reports on findings from the Study of the Coordination of Health Services for Patients with Long-Term Illness. With support from the United States Public Health Service, this reports and others were prepared under the auspices and direction of the Council of Jewish Federation and Welfare Funds, Inc.
This November 5, 1940, letter is part of the the addiction subject file of the New York Academy of Medicine's Public Health Committee. Coming from the U.S. Treasury Department's Bureau of Narcotics, it was intended for circulation among the Academy's members in an effort to curtail the explosion of counterfeit requests for narcotics that then entered the black market.
Health form distributed by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to various health administration officials in order to assess the number of children who received physician's services under the Crippled Children's Program from the Children's Bureau. This program was funded with the passage in 1935 of the Social Security Act. The program was a state-federal collaborative program, and in 1948 a national reporting system was created to compile a common set of data from all state agencies
"The Survey Methods for Determining the Needs for Services to Children of Working Mothers" was a 48-page booklet published by the Children's Bureau in 1956, under the auspices of the Social Security Administration. Its author Jack Wiener was at the time Chief of the Social Statistics Section in the Research Division of the Children's Bureau. The study was a response to communities requesting information in the wake of the Korean War on how to assess "their need for day-care and extended school services."
さらに詳しく
関連分野
- 医学・健康
- 健康
- 歴史学
- 人文・社会科学
- 政府
- 社会福祉と公衆衛生
- 20世紀研究
- アメリカ史
- 保険法
- 公民権
- 学際研究
